Graficacion

#Carga de paquetes

library(tidyverse)
library(DT)
library(scales)
library(ggthemes)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(plotly)

Carga de datos

paises <- read_csv("paises.csv")

# Tabla de datos de paises
paises |> 
  select(NAME, CONTINENT, LIFE_EXPECTANCY, GDP_PC) |> 
  datatable(
  options = list(
    pageLength = 5,
    language = list(url = '//cdn.datatables.net/plug-ins/1.10.11/i18n/Spanish.json')
  )
)

ggplot2

ggplot(data = paises) + 
  geom_point(mapping = aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer

#| label: grafico-02
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con colores por continente


#| label: grafico-03
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color=CONTINENT))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente


#| label: grafico-04
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, shape=CONTINENT))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

Warning: The shape palette can deal with a maximum of 6 discrete values because more
than 6 becomes difficult to discriminate
ℹ you have requested 8 values. Consider specifying shapes manually if you need
  that many have them.

Warning: Removed 26 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente


#| label: grafico-05
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, shape=CONTINENT, color=CONTINENT))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))+
  scale_shape_manual(values= c(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7))+
  scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "blue", "green", "purple", "orange", "brown", "pink", "yellow"))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente


#| label: grafico-06
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, size=POP_EST, shape=CONTINENT, color=CONTINENT))+
  geom_point() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))+
  scale_shape_manual(values= c(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7))+
  scale_color_manual(values = c("black", "blue", "green", "purple", "orange", "brown", "pink", "yellow"))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente


#| label: grafico-07
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))+
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method ="lm")+
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente


#| label: grafico-08
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))+
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method ="loess")+
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

PANELES

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per capita vs esperanza de vida al nacer con formas por continente
# paneles en función del continente


#| label: grafico-09
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))+
  geom_point() +
  facet_wrap(~ CONTINENT, nrow = 2)+
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# paneles en función de los ingresos y por continente


#| label: grafico-10
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |> 
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY))+
  geom_point() +
  facet_grid(REGION_UN ~ INCOME_GRP)+
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA))

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Títulos, etiquetas, estilos y colores

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer
# en África y Europa coloreado por continente
# + curva de tendencia

#| label: grafico-11
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |>
  filter(CONTINENT == 'Africa' | CONTINENT == 'Europe') |>
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color = CONTINENT)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(50, 90)) +
  ggtitle("PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer por continente") +
  xlab("PIB per cápita  (USD)") +
  ylab("Esperanza de vida (años)") +
  labs(subtitle = "Datos de África y Europa", 
       caption = "Fuentes: Natural Earth y Banco Mundial",
       color = "Continente")

`geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Estilos (themes)

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer
# en África y Europa coloreado por continente
# + curva de tendencia

#| label: grafico-12
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |>
  filter(CONTINENT == 'Africa' | CONTINENT == 'Europe') |>
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color = CONTINENT)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(50, 90)) +
  ggtitle("PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer por continente") +
  xlab("PIB per cápita  (USD)") +
  ylab("Esperanza de vida (años)") +
  labs(subtitle = "Datos de África y Europa", 
       caption = "Fuentes: Natural Earth y Banco Mundial",
       color = "Continente") +
  theme_bw() # tema de ggplot2

`geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer
# en África y Europa coloreado por continente
# + curva de tendencia

#| label: grafico-13
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |>
  filter(CONTINENT == 'Africa' | CONTINENT == 'Europe') |>
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color = CONTINENT)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(50, 90)) +
  ggtitle("PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer por continente") +
  xlab("PIB per cápita  (USD)") +
  ylab("Esperanza de vida (años)") +
  labs(subtitle = "Datos de África y Europa", 
       caption = "Fuentes: Natural Earth y Banco Mundial",
       color = "Continente") +
  theme_ipsum() # tema de hrbrthemes

`geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning: Removed 7 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family
not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family
not found in Windows font database

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not found in Windows font database

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family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family
not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_stringMetric, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label)): font family
not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
font family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call.graphics(C_text, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, :
font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer
#  coloreado por continente

#| label: grafico-14
#| warning: false
#| message: false

paises |>
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color = CONTINENT)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth() +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(50, 90)) +
  ggtitle("PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer por continente") +
  xlab("PIB per cápita  (USD)") +
  ylab("Esperanza de vida (años)") +
  labs(caption = "Fuentes: Natural Earth y Banco Mundial",
       color = "Continente") +
  labs(color = "Población estimada") +
  scale_colour_brewer(palette = "YlOrBr", direction = -1) +
  theme_ipsum() # estilo de hrbrthemes

`geom_smooth()` using method = 'loess' and formula = 'y ~ x'

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing non-finite outside the scale range
(`stat_smooth()`).

Warning in simpleLoess(y, x, w, span, degree = degree, parametric = parametric,
: span too small.  fewer data values than degrees of freedom.

Warning in simpleLoess(y, x, w, span, degree = degree, parametric = parametric,
: pseudoinverse used at 10592

Warning in simpleLoess(y, x, w, span, degree = degree, parametric = parametric,
: neighborhood radius 506.81

Warning in simpleLoess(y, x, w, span, degree = degree, parametric = parametric,
: reciprocal condition number 0

Warning in simpleLoess(y, x, w, span, degree = degree, parametric = parametric,
: There are other near singularities as well. 4.0698e+07

Warning in predLoess(object$y, object$x, newx = if (is.null(newdata)) object$x
else if (is.data.frame(newdata))
as.matrix(model.frame(delete.response(terms(object)), : span too small.  fewer
data values than degrees of freedom.

Warning in predLoess(object$y, object$x, newx = if (is.null(newdata)) object$x
else if (is.data.frame(newdata))
as.matrix(model.frame(delete.response(terms(object)), : pseudoinverse used at
10592

Warning in predLoess(object$y, object$x, newx = if (is.null(newdata)) object$x
else if (is.data.frame(newdata))
as.matrix(model.frame(delete.response(terms(object)), : neighborhood radius
506.81

Warning in predLoess(object$y, object$x, newx = if (is.null(newdata)) object$x
else if (is.data.frame(newdata))
as.matrix(model.frame(delete.response(terms(object)), : reciprocal condition
number 0

Warning in predLoess(object$y, object$x, newx = if (is.null(newdata)) object$x
else if (is.data.frame(newdata))
as.matrix(model.frame(delete.response(terms(object)), : There are other near
singularities as well. 4.0698e+07

Warning: Removed 11 rows containing missing values or values outside the scale range
(`geom_point()`).

Warning in max(ids, na.rm = TRUE): ningun argumento finito para max; retornando
-Inf

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

Warning in grid.Call(C_textBounds, as.graphicsAnnot(x$label), x$x, x$y, : font
family not found in Windows font database

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family not found in Windows font database

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family not found in Windows font database

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family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

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font family not found in Windows font database

Plotly

# Gráfico de dispersión de PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer
grafico_ggplot2 <-
  paises |>
  ggplot(aes(x = GDP_PC, y = LIFE_EXPECTANCY, color = CONTINENT)) +
  geom_point(aes(
    # datos que se muestran al colocar el ratón sobre un punto
    text = paste0(
      "País: ", NAME, "\n",
      "PIB per cápita: ", GDP_PC, "\n",
      "Esperanza de vida: ", LIFE_EXPECTANCY
    )
  )) +
  scale_x_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(0, NA)) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = comma, limits = c(50, 90)) +
  ggtitle("PIB per cápita vs esperanza de vida al nacer por continente") +
  xlab("PIB per cápita  (USD)") +
  ylab("Esperanza de vida (años)") +
  labs(caption = "Fuentes: Natural Earth y Banco Mundial",
       color = "Continente") +
  labs(color = "Población estimada") +
  theme_ipsum() # estilo de hrbrthemes

# Gráfico plotly
ggplotly(grafico_ggplot2, tooltip = "text") |> 
  config(locale = 'es') # para mostrar los controles en español